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星座與神話
選單
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中國的天文學是獨立發展出來的，亦由此而產生了和西方截然不同的星座系統。早在戰國時代（約公元前四百年）或以前，由於製曆和占星上的需要，石申夫、甘德及巫咸三家已分別製成了各自的星表，這三個星表再由三國時的陳卓（約公元230至公元320年）綜合整理，成為一個有283星官、1464顆星的星表。
唐代學者王希明作《丹元子步天歌》，首創將全天分成三十一個天區，亦即三垣二十八宿。三垣是「紫微垣」、「太微垣」及「天市垣」。二十八宿十分類似於西方的黃道十二宮，它們是黃道和白道附近的二十八個區域，為日月五星所經之處。
到了明代末期，徐光啟在編纂《祟禎曆書》時，根據西方星表，加入中國所缺的23個近南極星官。在這個基礎上，清朝戴進賢及劉松齡編修的《儀象考成》，對恒星的位置及星官數目作了一次重新考訂及增減，是現代繪製中國古星圖的標準。
在這裡，若星官名稱為國名、地名或人名，皆採用漢語拼音翻譯。
要注意的是，由於這些星官命名的年代久遠，而且，隨著歷史的發展，中國人無論在生活習慣、用語、信仰及政府結構上亦起了不少變化，要把所有名稱準確翻譯十分困難。事實上，學術界對不少名稱背後的意義仍未有一致的看法，以下的翻譯只是眾多可能解釋之一。
三垣 Three Enclosures
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 北極 Northern pole | 太子 Crown prince 帝 Emperor 庶子 Son of Concubine 後宮 Imperial Concubine 天樞 Celestial pivot |
| 四輔 Four Advisors | - |
| 勾陳 Curved Array | - |
| 天皇大帝 Great Emperor of Heaven | - |
| 天柱 Celestial Pillar | - |
| 御女 Maids-in-waiting | - |
| 女史 Female protocol | - |
| 柱史 Official of royal archives | - |
| 尚書 Royal secretary | - |
| 天床 Celestial bed | - |
| 大理 Chief judge | - |
| 陰德 Hidden virtue | - |
| 六甲 Six Jia | - |
| 五帝內座 Interior seats of five emperors | - |
| 華蓋 Canopy of the emperor | 杠 Canopy Support |
| 紫微左垣 Left wall | 左樞 Left pivot 上宰 First premier 少宰 Second premier 上弼 First minister 少弼 Second minister 上衛 First imperial guard 少衛 Second Imperial guard 少丞 Second prime minister |
| 紫微右垣 Right Wall | 右樞 Right pivot 少尉 Second chief judge 上輔 First minister 少輔 Second minister 上衛 First imperial guard 少衛 Second imperial guard 上丞 First prime minister |
| 天乙（天一）Celestial Great One | - |
| 太乙（太一）Frist Great one | - |
| 內廚 Inner kitchen | - |
| 北斗 Northern dipper | 天樞 Celestial pivot 天璇 Celestial rotating jade 天機 Celestial shining pearl 天權 Celestial balance 玉衡 Jade sighting-tube 開陽 Opener of heat 搖光 Twinkling brilliance 輔 Assistant |
| 天槍 Celestial spear | - |
| 玄戈 Sombre lance | - |
| 三公 Three excellencies | - |
| 相 Prime minister | - |
| 天理 Judge for nobility | - |
| 太陽守 Guard of the Sun | - |
| 太尊 Royals | - |
| 天牢 Celestial prison | - |
| 勢 Eunuch | - |
| 文昌 Administrative centre | - |
| 內階 Inner steps | - |
| 三師 Three top instructors | - |
| 八榖 Eight kinds of crops | - |
| 傳舍 Guest house | - |
| 天廚 Celestial kitchen | - |
| 天棓 Celestial flail | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 五帝座 Seats of the five emperors | - |
| 太子 Crown prince | - |
| 從官 Retinue | - |
| 幸臣 Officer of honour | - |
| 五諸侯 Five feudal kings | - |
| 九卿 Nine senior officers | - |
| 三公 Three excellencies | - |
| 內屏 Inner screen | - |
| 太微左垣 Left wall | 左執法 Left law administrator 東上相 First eastern minister 東次相 Second eastern minister 東次將 Second eastern general 東上將 First eastern general |
| 太微右垣 Right wall | 右執法 Right law administrator 西上將 First western general 西次將 Second western general 西次相 Second western minister 西上相 First western minister |
| 郎將 Captain of the bodyguards | - |
| 郎位 Official of imperial guard | - |
| 常陳 Imperial guards | - |
| 三台 Three steps | 上台 Upper step 中台 Middle step 下台 Lower step |
| 虎賁 Emperor's bodyguard | - |
| 少微 Junior officers | - |
| 長垣 Long wall | - |
| 靈台 Astronomical observatory | - |
| 明堂 Cosmological temple | - |
| 謁者 Usher of the court | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 帝座 Emperor's seat | - |
| 候 Astrologer | - |
| 宦者 Eunuch official | - |
| 斗 Dipper for liquids | - |
| 斛 Dipper for solids | - |
| 列肆 Jewel market | - |
| 車肆 Commodity market | - |
| 市樓 Municipal office | - |
| 宗正 Official for royal clan | - |
| 宗人 Official of Religious Ceremonies | - |
| 宗 Patriarchal clan | - |
| 帛度 Textile ruler | - |
| 屠肆 Butcher's shops | - |
| 天市左垣 Left wall | 魏 WEI 趙 ZHAO 九河 JIUHE 中山 ZHONGSHAN 齊 QI 吳越 WUYUE 徐 XU 東海 DONGHAI 燕 YAN 南海 NANHAI 宋 SONG |
| 天市右垣 Right wall | 河中 HEZHONG 河間 HEJIAN 晉 JIN 鄭 ZHENG 周 ZHOU 秦 QIN 蜀 SHU 巴 BA 梁 LIANG 楚 CHU 韓 HAN |
| 天紀 Celestial Discipline | - |
| 女床 Woman's bed | - |
| 貫索 Coiled thong | - |
| 七公 Seven excellencies | - |
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二十八宿 Twenty-eight Mansions
| 四象 Four Symbols |
二十八宿 Twenty-eight Mansions |
|---|---|
| 青龍（東） Azure Dragon (East) |
角 Horn 亢 Neck 氐 Root 房 Room 心 Heart 尾 Tail 箕 Winnowing-basket |
| 玄武（北） Murky Warrior (North) |
斗 Dipper 牛 Ox 女 Girl 虛 Emptiness 危 Rooftop 室 Encampment 壁 Wall |
| 白虎（西） White Tiger (West) |
奎 Legs 婁 Bond 胃 Stomach 昴 Hairy head 畢 Net 觜 Turtle beak 參 Three stars |
| 朱雀（南） Vermilion Bird (South) |
井 Well 鬼 Ghosts 柳 Willow 星 Star 張 Extended net 翼 Wings 軫 Chariot |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 角 Horn | - |
| 平道 Flat road | - |
| 天田 Celestial farmland | - |
| 周鼎 Tripod of the ZHOU | - |
| 進賢 Recommending virtuous man | - |
| 天門 Celestial gate | - |
| 平 Judging | - |
| 庫樓 Arsenal | - |
| 柱 Pillars | - |
| 衡 Railings | - |
| 南門 Southern gate | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 亢 Neck | - |
| 大角 Great horn | - |
| 左攝提 Right conductor | - |
| 右攝提 Left conductor | - |
| 折威 Executions | - |
| 頓頑 Trials | - |
| 陽門 Gate of YANG | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 氐 Root | - |
| 亢池 Boats and lake | - |
| 帝席 Mattress of the emperor | - |
| 梗河 Celestial lance | - |
| 招搖 Twinkling indicator | - |
| 天乳 Celestial milk | - |
| 天輻 Celestial spokes | - |
| 陣車 Battle chariots | - |
| 車騎 Chariots and cavalry | - |
| 騎陣將軍 Chariot and Cavalry general | - |
| 騎官 Imperial guards | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 房 Room | 鉤鈐 Lock |
| 鍵閉 Door bolt | - |
| 罰 Punishment | - |
| 東咸 Eastern door | - |
| 西咸 Western door | - |
| 日 Sun | - |
| 從官 Retinue | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 心 Heart | - |
| 積卒 Group of soldiers | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 尾 Tail | 神宮 Changing room |
| 天江 Celestial river | - |
| 傅說 FUYUE | - |
| 魚 Fish | - |
| 龜 Tortoise | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 箕 Winnowing basket | - |
| 糠 Chaff | - |
| 杵 Pestle | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 斗 Dipper | - |
| 天龠 Celestial keyhole | - |
| 天弁 Market officer | - |
| 建 Establishment | - |
| 天雞 Celestial cock | - |
| 狗 Dog | - |
| 狗國 Territory of dogs | - |
| 天淵 Celestial spring | - |
| 農丈人 Peasant | - |
| 鱉 River turtle | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 牛 Ox | - |
| 天桴 Celestial drumstick | - |
| 河鼓 Drum at the river | - |
| 左旗 Left flag | - |
| 右旗 Right flag | - |
| 織女 Weaving girl | - |
| 漸臺 Clepsydra terrace | - |
| 輦道 Imperial passageway | - |
| 羅堰 Networks of dykes | - |
| 天田 Celestial farmland | - |
| 九坎 Nine water wells | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 女 Girl | - |
| 離珠 Pearls on ladies' wear | - |
| 敗瓜 Rotten gourd | - |
| 瓠瓜 Good gourd | - |
| 天津 Celestial ford | - |
| 奚仲 XIZHONG | - |
| 扶筐 Basket for mulberry leaves | - |
| 十二國 Twelve countries | 周 ZHOU 秦 QIN 代 DAI 趙 ZHAO 越 YUE 齊 QI 楚 CHU 鄭 ZHENG 魏 WEI 韓 HAN 晉 JIN 燕 YAN |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 虛 Emptiness | - |
| 司命 Deified judge of life | - |
| 司祿 Deified judge of rank | - |
| 司危 Deified judge of disaster and good fortune | - |
| 司非 Deified judge of right and wrong | - |
| 哭 Crying | - |
| 泣 Weeping | - |
| 璃瑜 Jade ornament on ladies' wear | - |
| 天壘城 Celestial ramparts | - |
| 敗臼 Decayed Mortar | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 危 Rooftop | 墳墓 Tomb |
| 蓋屋 Roofing | - |
| 虛梁 Temple | - |
| 天錢 Celestial money | - |
| 人 Humans | - |
| 杵 Pestle | - |
| 臼 Mortar | - |
| 車府 Big yard for chariots | - |
| 造父 ZAOFU | - |
| 天鉤 Celestial hook | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 室 Encampment | 離宮 Resting palace |
| 螣蛇 Flying serpent | - |
| 雷電 Thunder and lightning | - |
| 土公吏 Official for materials supply | - |
| 壘壁陣 The line of ramparts | - |
| 羽林軍 Palace guard | - |
| 天綱 Materials for Making Tents | - |
| 北落師門 North gate of the military camp | - |
| 鈇鉞 Axe | - |
| 八魁 Net for catching birds | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 壁 Wall | - |
| 天廄 Celestial stable | - |
| 土公 Official for earthworks and buildings | - |
| 霹靂 Thunderbolt | - |
| 雲雨 Cloud and rain | - |
| 鈇鑕 Sickle | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 奎 Legs | - |
| 王良 WANGLIANG | - |
| 策 Whip | - |
| 附路 Auxiliary road | - |
| 軍南門 Southern military gate | - |
| 閣道 Flying corridor | - |
| 外屏 Outer fence | - |
| 天溷 Celestial pigsty | - |
| 土司空 Master of constructions | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 婁 Bond | - |
| 天大將軍 Great general of the heaven | - |
| 左更 Official in charge of forest | - |
| 右更 Official in charge of pasturing | - |
| 天倉 Square celestial granary | - |
| 天庾 Ricks of grain | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 胃 Stomach | - |
| 大陵 Mausoleum | - |
| 積尸 Heaps of corpses | - |
| 天船 Celestial boat | - |
| 積水 Stored water | - |
| 天廩 Celestial foodstuffs | - |
| 天囷 Circular celestial granary | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 昴 Hairy head | - |
| 天阿 Celestial river | - |
| 月 Moon | - |
| 卷舌 Rolled tongue | - |
| 天讒 Celestial slander | - |
| 礪石 Whetstone | - |
| 天陰 Celestial YIN force | - |
| 芻蒿 Hay | - |
| 天苑 Celestial meadows | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 畢 Net | 附耳 Whisper |
| 天街 Celestial street | - |
| 天高 Celestial high terrace | - |
| 諸王 Feudal kings | - |
| 五車 Five chariots | - |
| 柱 Pillars | - |
| 威池 Pool of harmony | - |
| 天潢 Celestial pier | - |
| 天關 Celestial gate | - |
| 天節 Celestial tally | - |
| 九州殊口 Interpreters of nine dialects | - |
| 參旗 Banner of three stars | - |
| 九斿 Imperial military flag | - |
| 天園 Celestial orchard | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 觜 Turtle beak | - |
| 司怪 Deity in charge of monsters | - |
| 座旗 Seat flags | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 參 Three stars | 伐 Punishment |
| 玉井 Jade well | - |
| 軍井 Military well | - |
| 屏 Screen | - |
| 廁 Toilet | - |
| 屎 Excrement | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 井 Well | 鉞 Battle axe |
| 水府 Official for irrigation | - |
| 天樽 Celestial wine cup | - |
| 五諸侯 Five feudal kings | - |
| 北河 North river | - |
| 積水 Accumulated water | - |
| 積薪 Pile of firewood | - |
| 水位 Water level | - |
| 南河 South river | - |
| 四瀆 Four channels | - |
| 闕丘 Palace gate | - |
| 軍市 Market for the soldiers | - |
| 野雞 Wild cockerel | - |
| 天狼 Celestial wolf | - |
| 丈人 Grandfather | - |
| 子 Son | - |
| 孫 Grandson | - |
| 老人 Old man | - |
| 弧矢 Bow and arrow | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 鬼 Ghosts | - |
| 積尸 Cumulative corpses | - |
| 爟 Beacon fire | - |
| 外廚 Outer kitchen | - |
| 天記 Judge to estimate the age of animals | - |
| 天狗 Celestial dog | - |
| 天社 Celestial earth god' s temple | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 柳 Willow | - |
| 酒旗 Banner of wine shop | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 星 Star | - |
| 天相 Celestial premier | - |
| 天稷 Celestial cereals | - |
| 軒轅 XUANYUAN | 御女 Maids-in-waiting |
| 內平 High judge | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 張 Extended net | - |
| 天廟 Celestial Temple | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 翼 Wings | - |
| 東甌 DONGOU | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 軫 Chariot | 左轄 Left linchpin 右轄 Right linchpin 長沙 CHANGSHA |
| 青丘 Green hill | - |
| 軍門 Military Gate | - |
| 土司空 Master of Construction | - |
| 器府 House for Musical Instruments | - |
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| 星官 Asterism | 星名 Star name |
|---|---|
| 海山 Sea and mountain | - |
| 十字架 Cross | - |
| 馬尾 Horse's tail | - |
| 馬腹 Horse's abdomen | - |
| 蜜蜂 Bee | - |
| 三角形 Triangle | - |
| 異雀 Exotic bird | - |
| 孔雀 Peacock | - |
| 波斯 Persia | - |
| 蛇尾 Snake's tail | - |
| 蛇腹 Snake's abdomen | - |
| 蛇首 Snake's head | - |
| 鳥喙 Bird's beak | - |
| 鶴 Crane | - |
| 火鳥 Firebird | - |
| 水委 Crooked running water | - |
| 附白 White patches nearby | - |
| 夾白 White Patch Attached | - |
| 金魚 Goldfish | - |
| 海石 Sea rock | - |
| 飛魚 Flying fish | - |
| 南船 Southern boat | - |
| 小斗 Little dipper | - |
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